This question comes up often. The main difference between them is that dyes are soluble and pigments are insoluble and are suspended in a medium or binder.
Dyes and Pigments
Chinese White
Chinese White is one of the most popular colours used by artists. Its success is based on the ability, after being mixed, to take the edge off brighter colours. It is subtle and not too strong, making it invaluable for highlights and essential for white objects.
Winsor & Newton - Chinese White
Wikipedia - Zinc oxide (for a deeper dive)